Excerpts from Baker Street Gazette #1:




                                                            A STUDY IN COLLECTING

                 by Susan Beasley

     
    When John Stephenson suggested that I do an article on collecting Sherlockiana, I found myself asking, what could I possibly say to anyone about collecting?  While mulling the idea over, feeling very inadequate on the subject, I turned from my desk to look in the direction of the former kitchen hutch across the room which I had commandeered years ago to house my "Holmes stuff."  I now need another one of equal size to contain the overflow that is piled, stacked, and balanced on and around this one.  I noted the framed sketches done by my friend, Stefanie Hawks, the original cartoons done for me by another artist friend, the matted still of Basil Rathbone and Nigel Bruce, the movie poster and other things ranging from a deerstalker with a touch of lace (because I felt it was too masculine otherwise), to the green bowler, to bumper sticker, to the cross-stitch silhouettes of Holmes and Watson hanging on the wall surrounding the crammed collection.  With a minor blush and a heartfelt sigh, I  turned around to the computer next to my desk and loaded the word processor.  Yes, I knew about collecting, all right.
   
    The art of collecting Sherlockiana, in all actuality as I see it, is a sign of masochistic self-realization.  No matter how much you collect you know someone else probably has something older, or newer, more unusual or exotic, and definitely more expensive.  There is no end to the stream (sometimes more like a creek) of new Holmes-related items ranging from new books, to reprints of old books, to hundreds of other loosely connected articles.  We wait with baited breath for each new jewel to add to our treasure troves and greedily show off our newest finds to our fellow collectors in the hope they do not have it, for at least that one fleeting moment. . . . until the store where you got it opens.
   
    Despite what any Sherlockian may tell you, there are only two authentic species of collectors in the genus "Collectis Holmesianas."  Those that freely admit collecting anything and everything and those who pretend they are above behavior of "that sort."  Since the bulk of this article is devoted to those of us who are at least honest, allow me to comment briefly on those of us who are not.  Everyone has met, or currently knows at least one of the latter species.  You can spot them a mile away; they are the ones who look as if they are struck by a spontaneous case of indigestion at the slightest mention of anything not written by Arthur Conan Doyle.  Odd how you can casually mention a new "pastiche" that has only been out for a few weeks and where in the same breath they are insisting it is not very good ("as all of that sort are"), then proceed to carry on a detailed discussion of minute points of the story to prove their original conclusion demonstrating they not only own the book, they have probably read it more than once.  Whether you are of the second or the more honest species, we Sherlockian collectors excitedly pass the word along concerning each and every item, no matter how tiny, which we have seen or heard mention of, and in my opinion, this infantility disproves one of Einstein's theories the one that states nothing can possibly travel faster than the speed of light.
   
    As the years move along, the sheer bulk of the collection grows (pity the space to house it doesn't), and your friends begin to get the strangest idea that you like this detective called "Sherlock Holmes," so then they begin to present you with gifts of things they think are related.  You reject nothing from your well-meaning friends, if for no other reason than politeness.  However, this show of patience can be rather trying.  For example, I still cannot figure out how one of my less literary-minded friends got Hercule Poirot and Sherlock Holmes mixed up in her mind some years past when she proudly presented me with a very used copy of the volume, Elephant Can Remember, proclaiming it was surely an old volume (20 years at least) and maybe even an original print. In reality, it had been through a complete dunking in some swamp, smelled of mildew, was only three years old, and a 5th printing at that.  Smile and keep telling yourself it's the thought that counts.
   
    The longer one collects, the more selective one becomes.  That is to say you select everything in sight rather than one or two items because you know perfectly well that the next time you drop in or go by, even if it is the next day, that piece will not be there.  That is the bitterest lesson every collector learns.  Another lesson to learn up front is that in a group of ten Sherlockians, no less than four have probably heard of whatever you have just this very day discovered, and most likely two already own it or have owned it.  The rest of the assembled group will want to know where you got it.  It pays to keep notes on such things, because you will be quizzed later.  (If you have had an experience similar to the following, give yourself three brownie points.)  Tact is always useful when dealing with fellow collectors.  Try never to admit you got yours out of a stack of eight from an ordinary store when they got theirs by special order at a posh game store for four times the price; worst yet is when you find a particular volume on a bargain table at a dollar sale and they still have to pay a big price somewhere else.  It tends to upset your fellow collectors to the point of aphasia.
   
    The more technically minded of us have discovered three levels of collecting -- rather like the levels one hears about in connection with alien encounters . . .. think about that for a moment, then proceed.  On the first level we have the traditional stories found in the Canon, all essays, discussions, pictorials, and histories, as well as reprints of any and all Doyle works.  The second level contains your pastiches, parodies, movie paraphernalia, movie videos, television videos, and for the more liberal among us the volume by Philip Jose Farmer, Tarzan Alive.  If you get that connection, give yourself three more brownie points.  The final level is the most complex of all levels.  It is simply everything else that even faintly resembles Holmes, a deerstalker or anything Victorian, no matter how remote and obscure.  Let us now construct an imaginary bookshelf and stock it with the various necessary things that a good collection might have.  While we are at this, lets also rate your personal collection.  I will award points along the way, so keep a running count.  Remember that our Bookshelf can be as long or as tall as necessary in order to fit it all in, and if you can find such a group of bookshelf builders, please let me know (I would love to meet them).
   
    On the traditional shelf, you are most likely to find no less than ten individual copies of The Hound of The Baskervilles (my most valued volume features Rathbone and Bruce on the cover), your favorite volume, or the most common one available in your particular area.  Now, if you get around to asking any collector what the first large acquisition they shelled out their well-saved money for, the chances are it will be a deerstalker, the second will be a boxed set of the Annotated.  Along with these priceless items you have at least three sets of the Canon ranging from paperback to hardback to the illustrated featuring Paget.  Also, found here are the Doyle volumes:  Lost World, Poison Belt, Brigadier Gerard, The White Company, and all the other volumes which I will not mention.  There will appear the odd volume of Victorian history, English traditions, the English monarchy, and of course the expected book or two concerning Jack the Ripper.  Give yourself five points for every research volume you have on Jack or English rulers, and you can take a grand twenty points for detailed period maps of England and its sister states.  Among the well-read volumes will also be found the occasional non-English edition, even though you can't read that language and have only the vaguest notion which volume you truthfully own.  One can also find such items as pewter figurines of Holmes and Watson, ceramic painted plates, statuettes of all sorts, original artwork or framed copies of Paget illustrations, magnifying glasses, meerschaum pipes, and the occasional bowler.  Here also lies your second most valued set of volumes; the Annotated being the first, your research volumes second.  No Sherlockian is without at least one reference book, probably four or more; add another five points for each one you own.  They range from Baring-Gould, to Starret, Hall, Knox, Hardwick, Hanning and all the other scholars who have come beforehand made the practice of nitpicking into a real art form often verging on the realm of true genius.
   
    No collection is fully complete without the second level, even if one manages to exclude the third.  This section can end up being quite extensive before long and will most likely take up the bulk of any average, collection.  On this far ranging shelf there will be found the abundant overflow of the pastiche, both in hard and soft cover (which are stored in plastic book bags to keep them from getting messed up as paperbacks usually are when crammed together).  You find the expected sets of Basil of Baker Street, Solar Pons, and Nero Wolfe.  If you are into the genre of fan published fiction you will proudly have several volumes of Holmesian Federation, if not all six as well as a plethora of various sized "fanzines" (as they are popularly called), which will include various stories ranging from extremely good to appallingly bad and the occasional article such as "Holmes Was a Vulcan."  Give yourself thirty points if you have any fan oriented material or have seen it before.  Here also might lurk the Sherlock Hemlock books, Sherlock Bones by the Razzis--the parodies using every possible misspelling of Sherlock Holmes' name imaginable, and the volume of It's a Mystery, Charlie Brown featuring Snoopy as a Sherlock Holmes type of detective.  Here sits your ceramic Sherlock Hemlock.  That stuffed Snoopy doll with Inverness and deerstalker.  The set of stuffed rag dolls called "The Irregulars."  The aged comic books safely stored in plastic covers.  Four or five Holmes games ranging from 221B Baker Street to Consulting Detective to a computer game called Sherlock Holmes in "Another Bow."  There will be the scripts, plays, musicals, and movies.  Here also resides the movie posters, movie and television stills, articles on the making of the movies, on the television series, video tapes of all movie and television series you could possibly record, records of old radio shows, the readings of Doyle stories, sound tracks of movies and musicals along with the traditional violin concerto records.
   
    Last, and hardly least on our imaginary Bookshelf, enters our close encounters with the stranger kind.
This shelf will house everything you can't reasonably put on the other two shelves.  The value of the piece resting on this shelf does not depend on monetary status alone.  Oh no, this shelf is reserved purely for the pleasure of going off the deep-end of collecting and finding the most obscure, the most obtuse and the most bizarre references, articles and whatever one might find.  Lets take a quick look around.  There is a plastic blue star-shaped trinket box with the snake from the comic strip Animal Crackers with a yellow deerstalker on and smoking a meerschaum pipe with the words "S-s-secrete S-s-stuff" on the lid; there is also a porcelain box with the same inscription.  That button with Alfalfa from the "Our Gang" tv series wearing a deerstalker.  A four inch tall plastic Pink Panther wearing a deerstalker.  The literary epic written to explain life insurance as if Sherlock Holmes was telling Watson about it entitled, The Life Insurance Conspiracy.  The twin volumes written by Ledgard Singer explaining Elementary Basic and Elementary Pascal written in adventure form.  You will find two Avon Meerschaum decanters containing the original aftershave in the shapes of a bloodhound or a bulldog; both are wearing deerstalkers, naturally.  There is a Cabbage Patch Kid stamper (with, you guessed it) wearing a deerstalker and carrying a magnifying glass. The volumes of Bridge Detective (there are two), Chess Detective, various mystery magazines, and the necessary volume of Dell Word Search puzzles with a Sherlockian character peering about the cover. There is "your" collection of various greeting cards with Holmes quotes or figures on them.  A scrapbook with any article or blurb or ad on Holmes picturing Holmes or any related areas therein.  The October 22nd ‘85 issue of Sun (a scandal magazine only slightly more amusing than The National Enquirer), which bears the minor set headline, "Sherlock Holmes Still Alive at 131!, " with an accompanying article on page 3.
The copy of Sorcerer's Apprentice -- Spring '82 issue with a reprise of Holmes and Dracula by Fred Saberhagen (autographed, of course).  The July '84 issue of Video magazine outlining the movies one could buy at that time.  For any of the above, give yourself ten points, feel free to add extra points if you have something of equal value.  And then there are the really obscure things.
   
    For the truly obscure, you need to add remote references found in out-of-the-way novels or comics.  One has several trimmed strips of the comic series, B.C., with a Holmesian character in it.  There is the Doctor Who novel, Talons of Weing Chaing, in which the Doctor (a British science fiction television series hero) travels back to Victorian England and runs around in deerstalker and Inverness while acting remarkably like a certain detective and encountering thinly veiled characters we all can identify.  One has to have the video tape of the episode and a cartooned button inscribed, "Elementary, My dear Lightfoot" (another three points if you know what that refers to or have heard of Doctor Who).  Move now to the Star Trek novel, Death's Angle, in which you have an alligator-like alien quoting and acting like Sherlock Holmes, who is his hero.  The book by Anderson and Poul about the teddy bear Hokas, in which they reproduce their version of Victorian England on a small island on their planet complete with Queen Victoria Hoka, a Sherlock Holmes Hoka, all the usual trappings found in Victorian society, and they even solve a new version of Hound of The Baskervilles.  Your eyes now land on A. Bertram Chandler's book, The Commodore at Sea, in which the main character is transported into a very dimension because his wife bought him a pipe that is reputed to be a Victorian antique and really belongs to Sherlock Holmes, who wants it back.  You must have your copy of the Mickey Mouse mystery, in which (you guessed it again!) he wears a deerstalker and carries a magnifying glass.  There also may be a set of video tapes with the British cartoon hero, Danger Mouse, who lives in a fake pillar box (that is their mail box) on Baker Street and the episodes in which Holmes and Watson are mentioned.  Any video comedy sketches involving a Holmes and Watson character, many to be found on the "Dave Allen" British tv comedy series.  And last but hardly least in this treasure trove of the obscure is a copy of Warner Brothers' cartoon, "Deduce, You Say!," with Daffy Duck and Porky Pig in the key roles.  Fifty points to anyone who has any of those things in their possession at this moment, for you who truly love the obscure.  For any of these extremely obscure items, give yourself ten points.  Now, total your points.  If you have less than fifty you are just beginning, so hang in there.  Fifty to a hundred, you're hooked all right.  And if you have more than a hundred, congratulations, you are a bona fided Holmes addict.
 
    Now that you have your Bookshelf ready for your friends to envy, lets discuss the rest of your house, shall we?  As fully addicted Holmes fanatics, you can display your Holmes fascination in every possible manner.  When going to your Sherlock Holmes club meetings, you can carry your books in a book bag with his likeness on it.  Your books can have Holmes bookplates, be marked with any number of Holmes bookmarks, and be covered by a number of Holmes oriented book covers.  When you get into your car you can use a Holmes key chain and have a Holmes bumper sticker anywhere on your car to announce to the world you are a fan.  Your silverware can be of the Oneida style entitled Baker Street.  If that is not enough, you can serve tea in your Holmes glassware set on Holmes coasters.  If you are so inclined, you can smoke a pipe with his likeness carved out of ivory, or a more traditional meerschaum with a gold band proclaiming it one of the Sherlock Holmes 221B collection.  Your pipe will be lit with matches from your Holmes matchbooks.  You will have to smoke 221B Baker Street tobacco, of course, and keep it in a ceramic Holmes tobacco jar or you could smoke Prince Albert.  And, when you put your pipes down you can rest them in a pipe holder with Holmes likeness in the center!  If you are imaginative, you can do Holmes' oriented needlework, cross stitch, or embroidery.  You can even paper your walls with pieces of the Holmes wallpaper that was put out some years ago.  You can write to your friends on Holmes stationery using Holmes pens and seal the envelope with Holmes stickers.  If that is not enough, you can use Holmes magnets for your Holmes notepaper, have hanging glass deerstalkers, and meerschaum pipes in your windows, or use Holmes paperweights.  For the rich among us, you can collect Holmes stamps or gold and silver Holmes coins, not to mention the genuine Victoria coinage or postage stamps.  Want some more points?  Add three to five for each of the above, at your discretion, I trust.
 
    Had enough yet?  No?  All right then, lets look in your closet.  If you are still adding, lets give yourself three points for each T-shirt or article of clothing in your collection.  Along with the laundry that needs to be done, but you have not gotten around to yet, there is your cookout bar-b-que apron with the Holmes quote on it.  Your sweat shirt with Holmes on the front, and what about the myriad of Holmes T-shirts you have?
There is the one that has "The Speckled Band" snake on it, "The Holmes Is Where the Heart" T-shirt, the ones with simple profiles, ones with complex color artwork, the ones that are more caricature in nature, the ones from the various Holmes pubs, from London in general, and the ones that merely say "Holmes and Watson". . . . however, the one you probably will not admit to having is a more obscure one I saw some years back stating "Sherlock Holmes, Private Inspector," and I refuse to go into the description of the expression on the fellow with the magnifying glass.  Minus 100 points if you have that one!
   
    Now, if you are a more traditional Holmes follower, you will probably also have, in that same closet, several Victorian costumes to wear to the Holmes meetings, any local historical functions, and various local Sherlockian plays one may be attending.  The gentlemen will have the traditional evening wear with top hat, a country outfit with the customary knickers, possibly a military or colonial outfit and if you are lucky, an Inverness cape.  The ladies will have at least one formal dress, one dress with a notable bustle, possibly an outfit suitable for bicycling, and hats for each of them.  All will have the shoes of that time period and accessory to match ranging from pocket watches to fox fur stoles and for the more risque of the ladies, a feather boa.  This aspect of a Holmes collector can become phenomenally expensive if one has to have the clothing sewn for them or the collector is a true fundamentalist and insists on wearing only vintage costumes.  But that is another article for someone else to write.
   
    In closing, the advice that I would offer to any and all collectors, both new and established, is very simple.  Get to know other collectors of all sorts.  Then, you can stake out the used bookstores in your area, the nostalgia shops for costumes and movie materials, and don't forget the pipe & tobacco shops.
You might also consider going to a speciality bookstore featuring comic books and science fiction material; they can be a very interesting source of collectables.  I would also suggest you ask if there are any local conventions, since often it is here you find new friends who can put you in touch with very obscure things or locate such things as cartoons with Holmes characters, movie scripts, press releases on the movies, posters of your favorite movie; the range of movie stills one can purchase will boggle the mind.  Most of all, you get to know other Holmes collectors.  They can give you new titles up, any speculations on collectables, needed publishers' references, store locations, and lots of encouragement, because this is not simply a hobby; it is an adventure, and the game is always afoot.

                                 SHERLOCK HOLMES ADDS A WORD

                                                             by Walter P. Armstrong, Jr.

   

    It is well known that T.S. Eliot was one of the earliest commentators on Sherlock Holmes, publishing in the Criterion for April 1929 a review of  The Complete Sherlock Holmes Short Stories in which he said, "Every writer owes something to Holmes."  Less well-known is the fact that his interest in Holmes continued for at least twenty-seven years, for on April 10, 1956, he accepted Honorary Membership in the Hounds of the Baskerville [sic] of Chicago, a scion society if the Baker Street Irregulars, the third such society of which he was an honorary member.  Several Sherlockian scholars have noted that the first six lines of the dialogue between Thomas a Becket and the Second Tempter in Eliot's Murder in the Cathedral, just published in 1935, are identical, except for only three words, with the last six lines of "The Musgrave Ritual"; an identity which Eliot himself confirmed as "deliberate and wholly conscious."  But few of them have considered the significance of Eliot's use of the word "grimpen" in East Coker, first published in 1940 and then as part of Four Quartets in 1943.
   
    The use of this unusual word was first commented upon by James Johnson Sweeney in an article entitled "East Coker: a Reading" in The Southern Review -- Vol. VI, No. 4, published in 1941.  He interprets the word to mean:  "‘Life had become' for us, as it had for Dr. Watson in Arthur Conan Doyle's The Hound of the Baskervilles, 'like that great Grimpen Mire, with little green patches everywhere into which one may sink and with no guide to point the track.' " (p. 711)
     
    Among the Sherlockian commentators to note the use of the words is Trevor Hall, who in his essay, "Thomas Stearns Eliot and Sherlock Holmes," says:
   
    " 'What, we may reasonably ask, is a "grimpen"?  The word is not contained either in the Concise Oxford Dictionary, or in Chamber's Twentieth Century Dictionary, nor is it even to found in the row of massive all-embracing volumes of the OED, the New English Dictionary on Historical Principles, edited originally by Sir J. A. H. Murray and others and published by the Oxford University Press.  It can be said, therefore, that as a common noun, "grimpen" does not exist in the English language.' "
   
    A footnote to the essay in which this language appears records that it is "an adaptation of a talk delivered . . . on 10 April 1972."  At the time when the talk was delivered, the statement quoted above may have been true.  But, it certainly was not true in August 1976, the date which Mr. Hall assigns to the preface to his volume, Sherlock Holmes and His Creator, in which it appears, where he says:
    "I am not the first student to point out the use that the late T.S. Eliot made of the Baker Street canon in some of his poems, but I hope that I am the first writer to assemble all the facts in permanent form."
   
    Dame Helen Gardener, in her excellent book, The Composition of Four Quartets (1978), says quite correctly:
    " 'The Supplement to the Oxford English Dictionary, A-G (1972), gives "grimpen.  [Etym. uncertain]?  A marshy area."  It cites as the first use Conan Doyle, The Hound of the Baskervilles (1902):  "Life has become like that Great Grimpen Mire, with little green patches everywhere into which one may sink and with no guide to point the track."  The second citation is from East Coker.  The third is from W.S. Baring-Gould's Annotated Sherlock Holmes (l968):  "As is well-known, Watson's ‘Great Grimpen Mire' is Grimspound Bog, three miles to the north and west of Widecombe in the Moor.'"
   
    The publishers advise that Volume I (A-G) of A Supplement to the OED was published in Britain on 12 October 1972, six months after Mr. Hall's talk was delivered but almost four years before it was reprinted in the volume in which he hopes to "assemble all of the facts in permanent form."  Robert W. Burchfield, Chief Editor, in a letter to the present writer states:  "Grimpen was included because we had satisfactory illustrative examples for the word, including one from the works of T.S. Eliot."  If it can be said that because a word does not appear in the "massive all-embracing volumes of the OED" it "does not exist in the English language," presumably the converse is likewise true:  where a word does appear in the OED (including supplements thereto), it does exist in the English language.  Therefore it appears that Sherlock Holmes (or his chronicler, Dr. James H. Watson, or his literary agent, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle) by way of T.S. Eliot has accomplished something which few can claim: the addition of a word to our native vocabulary.




                      LOVECRAFT AND SHERLOCK HOLMES

                                                         by Ben P. Indick

    Fans of both the great weirdiste and the Great Detective had a treat when Peter Cannon brought the two giants together in his Pulptime (Weirdbook Press, NY, 1984, $5 pb.).  Peter even added Frank Long in for good measure, and it proved to be great fun.

    One wonders what influence, if any, did Holmes and Doyle have over H. P. Lovecraft?  In the June 1984 issue of his fanzine, Title, Donn Brazier suggested that Holmes' "The Adventure of the Devil's Foot" might well have been a precursor to HPL's style.  Holmes described it as "the Cornish horror -- the strangest case I ever handled," and Doyle placed it among his favorite twelve Holmes stories.

    However, in the five volumes of Selected Letters, HPL did not, (as far as I know), mention Holmes.  (Nor do I know of any mention in the various essays published.)  In HPL's essay, "Supernatural Horror in Literature," he did praise Doyle's non-canonical writings several times, particularly when he wrote, "Doyle now and then struck a powerfully spectral note, as in ‘The Captain of the Pole Star,' a tale of Arctic ghostliness, and ‘Lot No. 249,' wherein the reanimated mummy theme was used with more than ordinary skill."

    HPL never wrote a straight detective story, yet it is inconceivable that the widely-read man was unacquainted with the detective.  He knew pop culture, from Argosy to films, jazz and mainstream novels. Possibly Lovecraft and Doyle got their inspiration from Edgar Allen Poe, each using it in divergent ways. Nevertheless, by examining an excerpt from Conan Doyle's aforementioned "Devil's Foot," it might be conceived of being from Lovecraft's own hand.  In the story, several individuals have either died or been reduced to terrified insanity; Holmes discovered the causative agent to be a mysterious and little-known drug, applied into the core of a hot lamp and causing destruction through its vapors.  To test his theory, Holmes placed some of it on a lamp before himself and Dr. Watson, having first opened a window and left a door ajar for possible escape.  Watson wrote:

    ". . . I had hardly settled in my chair before I was conscious of a thick, musky odour, subtle and nauseous.  At the first whiff of it, my brain and my imagination were beyond all control.  A thick, black cloud swirled before my eyes, and my brain told me that in this cloud, unseen as yet, but about to spring out upon my appalled senses, lurked all that was vaguely horrible, all that was monstrous and inconceivably wicked in the universe.  Vague shapes swirled and swam amid the dark cloud-bank, each a menace and a warning of something coming, the advent of some unspeakable dweller upon the threshold, whose very shadow would blast my soul.  A freezing horror took possession of me.  I felt my hair was rising, that my eyes were protruding, that my mouth was open, and my tongue like leather.  The turmoil within my brain was such that something must surely snap.  I tried to scream and was vaguely aware of some hoarse croak which was my own voice, but distant and detached from myself.  At the same moment, in some effort of escape, I broke through that cloud of despair and had a glimpse of Holmes' face, white, rigid and drawn with horror -- the very look which I had seen upon the features of the dead.  It was a vision which grave me an instant of sanity and of strength.  I dashed from my chair, threw my arms round Holmes, and together we lurched through the door, and an instant afterward had thrown ourselves down upon the grass plot and were lying side by side, conscious only of the glorious sunshine which was bursting its way through the hellish cloud of terror which had girt us in . . ."

    No, it was not vintage Lovecraft, but it was good, and it had the feel of a story of horror such as HPL might have comfortably spun.  Again, might not a memory of the great Hound of the Baskervilles have remained snuggled within the boyish mind of Lovecraft, to influence his choice of imagery in The Hound? Here we had no evidence of a canine other than a baying and a ferocious tearing to ribbons of the victims of the unseen monster.  Lovecraft professed to disliking his story in a letter, but many readers still found it a tale of true spectral terror.

    Finally, it was not wholly unfair to see a detective in Professor Armitage tracking down the unknown horror behind the mysterious Whateleys in The Dunwich Horror.  Doyle himself never achieved a tension more developing, a horror more griping, and a denouement so terrifying.






                                               
NOTE:  MORE TO COME!

ADDITIONAL NOTE:  The photos, clipart, and movie stills on the pages of this publication are supposed to be in the common domain and therefore does not infringe on any copyright.  The use of photos and movie stills are in no way meant to be a copyright infringement.  It is fair usage to include them strictly for informational purposes.